Makar Sankranti: A Celebration of Harvest and Prosperity

Makar Sankranti, one of the most auspicious festivals in India, marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn (Makara). Celebrated annually on the 14th or 15th of January, this festival signifies the beginning of longer days as the Sun starts its northward journey, known as Uttarayan. A harvest festival at its core, Makar Sankranti embodies gratitude, joy, and cultural richness, bringing communities together in celebration.

In the Indian calendar, Makar Sankranti heralds a new phase of hope and prosperity. Agriculturally, it signifies the end of the winter harvest season and the start of preparations for the next. The festival is deeply rooted in the Indian agrarian lifestyle, where farmers thank the Sun God and nature for a bountiful harvest.

Astrologically, Makar Sankranti is significant as it marks the transition of the Sun into Capricorn, governed by Saturn. This alignment is believed to bring blessings of prosperity and spiritual growth. The festival also symbolises the triumph of light over darkness, hope over despair, and knowledge over ignorance.

Makar Sankranti is celebrated with diverse traditions across India, reflecting the country’s cultural tapestry.

• In Punjab and Haryana, it is known as Lohri, celebrated with bonfires, folk songs, and traditional dances like Bhangra.
• In Tamil Nadu, the festival is called Pongal, a four-day celebration involving the preparation of a special dish called Pongal made from rice, jaggery, and milk.
• In Gujarat and Rajasthan, kite flying is the highlight, where the sky is adorned with vibrant kites, symbolising freedom and joy.
• In Maharashtra, people exchange tilgul (sesame and jaggery sweets) with the phrase “Tilgul ghya, god god bola,” encouraging harmony and goodwill.
• In West Bengal, it coincides with Ganga Sagar Mela, where devotees take a holy dip in the Ganges.
• Kumbh Mela, is an important Hindu pilgrimage, celebrated approximately every 12 years and is held at four riverside pilgrimage sites, namely: Prayagraj (Ganges-Yamuna-Sarasvati rivers confluence), Haridwar (Ganges), Nashik (Godavari), and Ujjain (Shipra).

The festival is marked by numerous customs, most notably the preparation and sharing of traditional sweets made from sesame seeds and jaggery. These ingredients are believed to keep the body warm during winter and foster a sense of togetherness. Kite flying is another cherished tradition, symbolising the spirit of joy and competition.

People also take holy dips in rivers, especially the Ganges, Yamuna, and Godavari, as this act is believed to cleanse the soul and bring blessings. Devotees offer prayers to the Sun God, seeking health, wealth, and happiness.

Makar Sankranti transcends religious and regional boundaries, uniting people in gratitude and celebration. It is a time for families to come together, for communities to share joy, and for individuals to reflect on the blessings of life.

As the Sun begins its journey towards the northern hemisphere, Makar Sankranti reminds us of the cyclical nature of life and the importance of hope and renewal. This vibrant festival, steeped in tradition and positivity, continues to inspire and unite people across India and beyond.